NgoDisemba 14, 2020, iUnited Kingdom yanika ingxeloi-SARS-CoV-2 eyahlukileyo yenkxalabo (VOC), umnombo B.1.1.7,ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-VOC 202012/01 okanye 20I/501Y.V1.*B.1.1.7 ukwahluka kuqikelelwa ukuba kwavela ngoSeptemba2020 kwaye ngokukhawuleza ibe yeyona nto ijikelezayoUkwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 eNgilani (1).B.1.1.7 iye yabaichongiwe kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30, kubandakanya ne-United States.NjengokokaJanuwari 13, 2021, malunga neemeko ezingama-76 ze-B.1.1.7 ziyeIfunyenwe kumazwe ali-12 ase-US.Ubungqina obuninzizibonisa ukuba i-B.1.1.7 isasazeke ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba zinjaloezinye iintlobo zeSARS-CoV-2 (1-3).Indlela engumzekelo yelo mahluko e-US ubonisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo ekuqaleni kuka-2021,ibe ngowona mahluko uphambili ngoMatshi.YandisiweUsulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 lunokusongela ukhathalelo lwempilo olunzimaizibonelelo, zifuna ukuphunyezwa okwandisiweyo nokungqongqoyezicwangciso zempilo yoluntu (4), kunye nokunyusa ipesenti yeUkhuselo loluntu olufunekayo kulawulo lobhubhane.Ukuthathaamanyathelo okunciphisa usulelo ngoku anokunciphisa amandlaimpembelelo ye-B.1.1.7 kunye nokuvumela ixesha elibalulekileyo lokwandisa isitofu sokugonyaukhuseleko.Ngokudibeneyo, uphononongo oluphuculweyo lwe-genomickudityaniswe nokuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo noluntu olusebenzayoamanyathelo ezempilo, kubandakanywa ugonyo, umgama ngokwasemzimbeni,ukusetyenziswa kweemaski, ucoceko lwezandla, kunye nokubekwa wedwa kunye nokuvalelwa yedwa, kuya kuba njaloKubalulekile ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwe-SARS-CoV-2, intsholongwaneebangela isifo se-coronavirus ngo-2019 (COVID-19).Ubuchuleuvavanyo lwabantu abangenazo iimpawu kodwa kumngcipheko ophezulu wokuusulelo, olunje ngabo bavezwe kwi-SARS-CoV-2 okanye abanayouqhagamshelwano rhoqo olungenakuthintelwa noluntu, lubonelela ngenyeithuba lokunciphisa ukusasazeka okuqhubekayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-genomic yehlabathi kunye ne-shar evulekileyo yomthombo ovulekileyoUlandelelwano lwejenome yentsholongwane luququzelele kufutshane nexesha lokwenyaniukufunyanwa, ukuthelekisa, kunye nokulandelwa kokuvela kwe-SARS-CoV-2ezahlukeneyo ezinokwazisa iinzame zempilo yoluntu ukulawulaisifo esikho elizweni jikelele.Ngexa ezinye iinguqulelo kwijenome yentsholongwanevela kwaye emva koko uhlehle, abanye banokunikezela ngokukhetha i-advanItheyiji kulwahlulo, kubandakanywa nokudluliselwa okongeziweyo, ukuzeuhlobo olunjalo lunokulawula ngokukhawuleza ezinye iinguqulelo ezijikelezayo.

Kwangoko kubhubhane, ukwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 equlatheukuguqulwa kwe-D614G kwiprotheyini ye-spike (S) eyandayoI-receptor ebophelelayo ngokukhawuleza yaba yinto elawulayo kwabaninziimimandla yejografi (5,6).Ekwindla ka-2020, amazwe amaninzi axele ukuba abonileUkwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 okusasazeka ngokufanelekileyo.Ukwengezaukuya ku-B.1.1.7 ukwahluka, ukwahluka okuphawulekayo kubandakanya i-B.1.351Umnombo ofunyenwe okokuqala eMzantsi Afrika kunye nowasanda kuchongwaB.1.1.28 isolotyana (lithiywe ngokutsha“P.1”) ichongiwe kubahambi abaneukusuka eBrazil ngexesha lovavanyo lwesiqhelo eHaneda (Tokyo)kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.§ Ezi zantlukwano ziphethe iqela leenkwenkwezi ze-genetic mutations, kubandakanywa kwi-S protein receptor-binding domain,eyimfuneko ekubopheleleni kwiseli ye-angiotensin-ukuguqula i-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) i-receptor ukuququzelela intsholongwaneukungena.Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ezinye iinguqulelo zemfuza ezifunyenwe kweziUkwahluka kunokunikezela kungekuphela nje ukosulela kodwainokuchaphazela ukusebenza koxilongo lwexesha lokwenyaniumva ukhuphelo-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)iimvavanyo¶ kunye nokunciphisa ukungenwa kwi-neutraizing antibodies(2,3,5-10).Ingxelo yetyala yakutsha nje ibhale ityala lokuqala leUkosulelwa kwakhona kwe-SARS-CoV-2 eBrazil ngohlobo lwe-SARS-CoV-2ebiqulathe uguqulo lwe-E484K,** ebonisiweyoukunciphisa ukungathathi hlangothi nge-convalescent sera kunye ne-monoclonalamajoni omzimba (9,10).

Le ngxelo igxile ekuveleni kokwahluka kwe-B.1.1.7eUnited States.Ukusukela nge-12 kaJanuwari 2021, akukho namnyeB.1.351 okanye P.1 ezahlukeneyo ziye zabhaqwa kwiAmazwe Amanyene.Ngolwazi malunga nokuvela kwe-SARS-CoV-2ukwahluka kwenkxalabo, iCDC igcina iphepha lewebhu elinikezelweyoukubonelela ngolwazi ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-SARS-CoV-2 ezivelayo.††

 B.1.1.7 umnombo (20I/501Y.V1)

Ukwahlukana kwe-B.1.1.7 kuthwala utshintsho kwiprotheni ye-S(N501Y) echaphazela ukuhambelana kwe-receptor-bindingithambeka.Olu tshintsho lunezinye ii-13 ze-B.1.1.7 lineage-definingmutations (Itheyibhile), ezininzi zazo zikwiprotheni ye-S,kubandakanywa ukucinywa kwizithuba 69 kunye 70 (del69-70) ukubazavela ngokuzenzekelayo kwezinye iinguqulelo ze-SARS-CoV-2 kwaye zinjaloi-hypothesized ukwandisa ukudluliselwa (2,7).Ukucimakwizikhundla ze-69 kunye ne-70 ibangela ukusilela kwithagethi ye-S-gene (SGTF)ubuncinane kwi-RT-PCR enye-Uvavanyo olusekwe kuxilongo (okt, kunye neThermoFisher Taq Path COVID-19 assay, i-B.1.1.7 variimbovane kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nedel69-70 ivelisa i-negativeisiphumo se-S-gene ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nesiphumo esihle kwezinye ezimbiniekujoliswe kuko);I-SGTF isebenze njengommeli e-United Kingdomukuchonga amatyala B.1.1.7 (1).Ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba i-B.1.1.7 ingaphezuluisasazeke ngokufanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye i-SARS-CoV-2ezahlukeneyo ezijikeleza eUnited Kingdom.imimandla UK ngeinxalenye ephezulu ye-B.1.1.7 yolandelelwano ibe nobhubhani okhawulezayoukukhula kunezinye iindawo, ukuxilongwa kwe-SGTF kwandangokukhawuleza kune-non-SGTF yoxilongo kwiindawo ezifanayo, kunye ainani eliphezulu labafowunelwa bosulelwe zizigulane zesalathisokunye nosulelo lwe-B.1.1.7 kunezigulana ezinesifoezinye iinguqulelo (1,3).I-variant B.1.1.7 inamandla okunyusa i-pan yase-USi-demic trajectory kwiinyanga ezizayo.Ukubonisa le mpembelelo,kwaphuhliswa imodeli yekhompatimenti elula, eyahluka-mbini.Ukuxhaphaka kwangoku kwe-US ye-B.1.1.7 phakathi kwabo bonke abajikelezayoiintsholongwane ayaziwa kodwa kucingelwa ukuba <0.5% ngokusekelwe kwiinani eliqingqiweyo leemeko ezichongiweyo kunye nedatha yeSGTF (8).Kubaimodeli, iingqikelelo zokuqala zibandakanya ukuxhaphaka kwe-B.1.1.7ye-0.5% phakathi kwalo lonke usulelo, ukhuseleko lwe-SARS-CoV-2 ukusukausulelo lwangaphambili lwe-10%-I-30%, ukuzala okuguquguqukayo kwexeshainombolo (R t ) ye-1.1 (encitshisiwe kodwa yanda usasazo)okanye 0.9 (ukunciphisa uthumelo) kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, kunye nezehlo ezixeliweyo zamatyala angama-60 kubantu abayi-100,000 ngosuku.NgoJanuwari 1, 2021. Olu qikelelo alumeli ngokuthe ngqonayiphi na indawo eyodwa yase-US, kodwa endaweni yoko, bonisa ulungelelwaniso lweiimeko eziqhelekileyo kwilizwe liphela.Utshintsho kwi-R t phezuixesha elibangelwa kukhuseleko olufunyenweyo kunye nokwanda kwe-prevaI-lence ye-B.1.1.7, yenziwa imodeli, kunye ne-B.1.1.7 R t ecingelwayo.ukuba ibe yi-1.5 amaxesha ngamaxesha i-R t yokwahluka kwangoku, ngokusekelwe kwiuqikelelo lokuqala oluvela eUnited Kingdom (1,3).Okulandelayo, impembelelo enokubakho yogonyo yenziwa imodelikucingelwa ukuba idosi yesitofu sokugonya esi-1 sesigidi sasetyenziswa ngokweusuku oluqala nge-1 kaJanuwari 2021, kwaye loo 95% yokugonywayafunyanwa kwiintsuku ezili-14 emva kokufumana iidosi ezi-2.Ngokukodwa,ukungakhuseleki ngokuchasene nosulelo nokuba kukwahluka kwangoku okanyeB.1.1.7 ukwahluka kwacingelwa, nangona ukusebenza kunyeixesha lokukhuselwa kusulelo lihlala lingaqinisekanga,kuba ezi yayingezizo isiphelo sokuqala solingo lwezonyangokwizitofu zokuqala zokugonya.Kulo mzekelo, ukuxhaphaka kwe-B.1.1.7 ekuqaleni kuphantsi, kodwa ngenxa yokubaiyasulela ngakumbi kuneyantlukwano yangoku, iyabonisaukukhula okukhawulezayo ekuqaleni kuka-2021, ibe yeyona variri iphambiliimbovane ngoMatshi (Umfanekiso 1).Nokuba usasazo lwangokuukwahluka kuyanda (i-R yokuqala = 1.1) okanye iyancipha kancinci(i-R t yokuqala = 0.9) ngoJanuwari, i-B.1.1.7 iqhuba utshintsho olukhulukwindlela yothumelo kunye nenqanaba elitsha lokucacisaukukhula.Ngogonyo olukhusela usulelo, iiindlela zobhubhani kwangethuba azitshintshi kwaye B.1.1.7 ukusasazekaisenzeka (Umfanekiso 2).Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba i-B.1.1.7 ibe yi-eyona ndlela ibalaseleyo, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kwehliswe kakhulu.Isiphumo sokugonya ekunciphiseni usulelo kufutshaneixesha lalilelona likhulu kwimeko apho uthumelo lwalukuyosele iyancipha (i-R t yokuqala = 0.9) (Umfanekiso 2).Iinzame zakwangoko ukubainokunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-B.1.1.7 eyahlukileyo, njenge-universal andukwanda kokuthotyelwa kwezicwangciso zokunciphisa impilo yoluntu,iyakuvumela ixesha elithe kratya logonyo oluqhubekayo ukufikelela phezuluUkungakhuseleki kwinqanaba labantu.

Ingxoxo

Okwangoku, akukho mmahluko owaziwayo kwiziphumo zeklinikhieyayanyaniswa nokwahluka okuchaziweyo kwe-SARS-CoV-2;nangona kunjalo,izinga eliphezulu losulelo liya kukhokelela kwiimeko ezininzi, ukwandainani labantu ngokubanzi abafuna ukhathalelo lweklinikhi, baqinaukuthothisa umthwalo kwinkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo esele inengxaki,kwaye kubangele ukufa kwabantu abaninzi.Ucupho oluqhubekayo lwe-genomicukuchonga amatyala B.1.1.7, kunye nokuvela kwamanyeezahlukeneyo inkxalabo eUnited States, kubalulekile ukubaImpendulo yezempilo yoluntu kwi-COVID-19.Nangona iziphumo zeSGTFinokunceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezinokuthi zibe B.1.1.7 ezinokuqinisekiswangokulandelelanisa, ukuchonga iinguqu eziphambili ezingabonisiyoI-SGTF ixhomekeke kuphela kucupho olusekwe kulandelelwano.