Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri luqala ngokuqokelelwa kwesampulu, kwaye ingqokelela yesampulu yeyona ilula ukuba ingahoywa.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuqokelelo lwesampulu kukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwesampulu, sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesampulu, kunye nokuqhuba uthutho olufanelekileyo kunye nokucubungula.

I.Uhlobo lwesampuli

Iindidi zesampulu eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

Indlela yesampulu inokubhekisa kwiinkcukacha zobuchwephesha zokubekwa iliso kokusingqongileyo kwi-coronavirus entsha kurhwebo lwezolimo (i-bazaar) imakethi ”:

1. Iisampulu ze-swab ezivela kwi-swabs yomqala, izandla, iimpahla kunye nezinye izinto zabasebenzi: kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe isisombululo sogcino lwentsholongwane kwityhubhu yesampulu yentsholongwane kwaye ungene ngokupheleleyo kwisampulu yekotoni swabs.Umphezulu womhlaba) usetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye uhlanjululwe ngamaxesha angaphezu kwama-3.Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukwenza iisampulu ezisasazwa ngamanqaku amaninzi kumphezulu wento eyenziwe isampuli.

2. Iisampulu zeswab yendawo yokutya: Iisampuli zokutya azinakuqokelelwa ngokuthe ngqo.Ukutya okuza kuqokelelwa kufuneka kohlulwe ngononophelo kwaye kugcinwe kwisingxobo sesampulu esicocekileyo phambi kokuqokelela iisampulu zeswab.Kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe isisombululo sogcino lwentsholongwane kwityhubhu yesampulu yentsholongwane, emva kokucwiliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesampulu yecotton swab, ukuthambisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye uhlambe umphezulu wesampulu yokutya ukuze uqokelelwe amaxesha angaphezu kwama-3.Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukwenza iisampulu esasazwa ngamanqaku amaninzi kwindawo yesampulu.

3. Iisampulu zamanzi amdaka: Ngokuhambelana nokuhanjiswa kwenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi kwiimarike, khetha iindawo zesampulu ze-2-3 zamanzi amdaka, ugxininise ekuqokeleleni kombhobho wangaphakathi, umzantsi wendlela yokuhamba kwamanzi, okanye ukudibanisa kunye nomnatha wombhobho kamasipala.Ukuqokelela isampuli ye-swab, yicwilise emanzini amdaka kunye nesampuli ye-cotton swab ukuyenza i-adsorb i-sewage kwaye ihlanjululwe kwi-tube yesampuli ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-3.Ukuqokelela iisampuli zamanzi amdaka, sebenzisa iibhotile zeplastiki ze-polyethylene ukuqokelela i-30-500 mL iisampulu zamanzi amdaka;ukuqokelela ugutyulo kunye nomthamo omkhulu kune-500 mL, iibhakethi zeplastiki zepolyethylene okanye isampuli zamanzi ezikwisiza izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokutyebisa zingasetyenziswa.Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba i-multi-point distributed isampuli kwindawo yokufumana isampuli yamanzi amdaka.

4. Iisampulu zezilwanyana: Kwizilwanyana eziphilayo, iisampulu zesampulu zingasetyenziselwa ukuqokelela i-swabs ebusweni bomzimba, i-oropharyngeal swabs kunye ne-anal swabs, kunye ne-lindle okanye i-secretion samples nazo zingaqokelelwa kwaye zirekhodwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiphepha lerekhodi.Kwiisampulu zezilwanyana eziye zalutywa, njl.njl., sebenzisa i-cotton swabs ukuqokelela umphezulu wemizimba yazo kunye neesampuli zomzimba we-cavity.Kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe isisombululo sogcino lwentsholongwane kwityhubhu yesampulu yentsholongwane ukungena ngokupheleleyo kwisampulu yecotton swab, kwaye emva koko uphinda usetyenziso lomphezulu wesampulu yokutya ekufuneka iqokelelwe.Shabu ngaphezu kwamaxesha ama-3.Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukwenza iisampulu esasazwa ngamanqaku amaninzi kwindawo yesampulu.

5. Ezinye izixhobo zombane: izikhongozeli zokuthutha kunye nokuzalisa izilwanyana ezinje ngeekheji okanye amatanki entlanzi.Okokuqala, jonga okanye uqonde iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana ezigciniweyo nezizalelwe kwisikhongozeli, kwaye uqokelele iisampulu zeswab kudonga lwangaphakathi lwesikhongozeli okanye iisampuli zolwelo zezinto ezingaphakathi.

6. Qokelela iisampulu ze-aerosol kwiindawo apho abantu bahlanganisana khona, iindawo zokurhweba zasekuhlaleni ezingenamoya, iiofisi, kunye neendawo zokuphumla.

II.Izixhobo zokusampula
1. Umbhobho wokuqokelela igazi
Ukuba ufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-nucleic acid kunye neesampuli ze-anticoagulant kamva, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isitya segazi se-vacuum esine-EDTA anticoagulant ukuqokelela igazi;kwiisampuli ze-serum, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe isitya segazi se-vacuum ngaphandle kwe-anticoagulant.

2. Isampuli yeswab

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-polypropylene swabs endaweni ye-calcium alginate swabs okanye i-swabs kunye nezibonda zokhuni, kuba zinokuthi ziqulethe izinto ezingasebenzi iintsholongwane ezithile kwaye zinqande uvavanyo lwe-PCR.I-Swabs eneentloko zekotoni ayinakusetyenziswa, kuba imicu yekotoni ine-adsorption eyomeleleyo yeprotheyini kwaye ayikhutshelwa lula kwisisombululo esilandelayo sokugcina.

“KwiiNgcaciso zobuChwephesha ze-10-in-1 yokuQokelelwa okuDityanisiweyo kunye nokuFunyaniswa kwe-Nucleic Acids entsha yeCoronavirus”, kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba “isampulu yesampulu kufuneka yenziwe ngepolyester, inayiloni kunye nezinye izinto ezingezizo umqhaphu kunye ne-calcium alginate, kwaye isibambo kufuneka senziwe ngezinto ezingezizo iinkuni.Indawo yokuphuka imalunga ne-3cm ukusuka phezulu kwentloko yeswab, ekulula ukuyiqhawula.

I-CDC yase-United States ikwakhankanye “Sebenzisa kuphela iifayibha zokwenziwa ezineplastiki okanye iishafti zocingo.Musa ukusebenzisa i-calcium alginate swabs okanye i-swabs ene-shafts yomthi,njengoko zinokuqulatha izinto ezingasebenziyo ezinye iintsholongwane kwaye zithintele uvavanyo lwe-PCR.

Okwangoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi iswabhu ehlumayo enayiloni ehluthekileyo edityaniswe nentonga yeplastiki.I-swab emhlambini inokufunxa ngcono kwamanzi kunye nesantya sokukhulula.Ngokweendawo ezahlukeneyo zesampulu, intloko yeswab nayo inobungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye nemicu.Ubukhulu.”

3. Isampuli yokugcinwa kwesisombululo sothutho

Isisombululo sokugcinwa kwentsholongwane engasebenziyo: umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo woxinaniso lwetyuwa ye-guanidine kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-virus lysis components zinokukhupha ngokuthe ngqo intsholongwane ukuze ikhulule i-nucleic acid, ingasebenzi i-RNase kunye ne-DNase, kwaye iqinisekise ukunyaniseka kwe-nucleic acid, enokusetyenziswa ukufunyanwa kwe-qPCR elandelayo.Ayinakusetyenziselwa ukulima intsholongwane kunye nokwahlula.

Ukuthuthwa kwentsholongwane kunye nesisombululo sokugcina: iqulethe iityuwa, i-amino acids, iivithamini, i-glucose kunye neprotheni efunekayo ukuze kuphile intsholongwane, enokugcina umsebenzi wentsholongwane.Ingasetyenziselwa ukutsalwa kwe-nucleic acid kunye nokufumanisa intsholongwane kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukulima kunye nokwahlula intsholongwane.

4. Ityhubhu yokugcina isampuli kunye nebhegi yesampula

Ityhubhu yokugcina isampulu kufuneka ibe yityhubhu yeplastiki engcolileyo ene-screw cap engabangeli i-nucleic acid.Ityhubhu nganye yesampuli kufuneka igqunywe ngengxowa yesampuli ukukhusela ukuvuza kunye nokungcoliswa kwesampuli.

III.Izinto eziphazamisayo kwisampulu

Izinto eziphazamisayo kwiimvavanyo ze-PCR

1. ukungenelela okungapheliyo

Izinto ezikhoyo kwisampulu yomzimba zinokuphazamisana nokufunyanwa kwezinye izinto.

Igazi:i-heme (> 1mg/ml), i-hemin (> 0.1ng/μl), i-triglycerides, i-IgG, njl.;

Umchamo:Urea (20mM);

Isitulo:isityalo se-polysaccharides, i-cholate;

Izicubu:iprotheni, i-collagen;

Ubisi: iprotease, i-calcium ion;

Iziyobisi: i-antibiotics, i-antiviral drug, ihomoni, njl.

enye.

2. ukungenelela kwangaphandle

Ivela kwizinto ezinokuphazamisa ukufunyanwa kwezinye izinto kwi-vitro.Isampulu izongezo kunye nezinto ezinokuqhagamshelwana nazo ngexesha lokuqokelela isampulu kunye nokusetyenzwa:

Izixhobo zovavanyo: ijeli yokwahlula i-serum, isitya sokuqokelelwa kwesampulu kunye nesivalo serabha, i-catheter, i-catheter flushing fluid, umgubo weglavu, njl.

I-Anticoagulant: i-heparin (> 0.1 U / mL), i-EDTA (> 0.5 mM), njl.;

Izinyibilikisi zendalo: isopropanol (> 0.1 IU / ml), i-betaine, i-dimethyl sulfoxide, i-formamide, i-glycerin, i-PEG, njl.;

Izibulali ntsholongwane: utywala (i-ethanol> 1%), i-aldehydes, i-phenol (phenol> 0.2%), i-peroxides, i-acids eqinile (HCL), i-alkali eqinile (NaOH), njl.;

Isicoci:I-SDS (>0.005%);

Umhlaba: Humsi

Dyestuff: Indigo

enye.

Phantsi kweemeko zesampulu zangaphandle, ezinjengokuqokelela iisampulu zokusingqongileyo, iisampulu zinokuqulatha iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphazamisayo, kwaye ukubunjwa kwezinto eziphazamisayo kwindawo nganye kwahlukile, nto leyo efuna ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo zokuphazamiseka kwe-PCR ngokweemeko zendawo.

IV.Isampuli yokugcina kunye neemeko zokuhamba

Iisampulu zeklinikhi ezisandula ukuqokelelwa kufuneka zithunyelwe elebhu kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokuqokelelwa kwe-2°C ukuya kwi-8°C.Gcina kwi-4℃ ngaphakathi kwe-24h.Iisampulu ezisetyenziselwa ukwahlukaniswa kwentsholongwane kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-nucleic acid kufuneka zivavanywe ngokukhawuleza.Iisampulu ezinokuthi zivavanywe kwiiyure ezingama-24 zingagcinwa kwi-4 ° C;imizekelo engenakubonwa kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 kufuneka igcinwe ku--70°C okanye ngaphantsi (ukuba akunjalo- Gcina kwi-70°C kwisikhenkcisi e -20°C).

Isishwankathelo:Ukuqokelela okusemgangathweni, ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kweesampuli kubalulekile kuvavanyo olulandelayo.Ubuxoki bobuxoki beemvavanyo ezininzi zebhubhoratri zibangelwa ukuqokelela okungafanelekanga, ukuthutha kunye nokugcinwa kweesampuli ezikhokelela ekuthotyweni kwe-viral nucleic acid.Nangona kunjalo, iilabhoratri ezininzi zisakuhoya ukubaluleka kwesampulu.Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku lingavusa ingqalelo yomntu wonke kwisampulu kwaye lenze iisampulu zesayensi kunye nengqiqo!

Imveliso eyeleleneyo:

I-SARS-CoV-2 iKit yeNucleic Acid eyahluka-hlukeneyo (I) (iNdlela yoVavanyo lwe-Multiplex PCR yeFluorescent)-Yokuchongwa kweMutants ezisuka eBrazil, eMzantsi Afrika, nase-UK.