Ngokweengxelo ezibanzi, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, usulelo lwemonkeypox luye lwanwenwela kumazwe ali-15 angaphandle kweAfrika, nto leyo evuselela umdla kunye nenkxalabo evela kumazwe angaphandle.Ngaba intsholongwane yemonkeypox ingatshintsha?Ngaba kuya kubakho ukuqhambuka okukhulu?Ngaba isitofu sokugonya ingqakaqha sisasebenza ngokuchasene nosulelo lwemonkeypox?
1. Yintoni inkawu?
I-Monkeypox sisifo se-viral zoonotic esafunyanwa kwiinkawu zezilwanyana kwi-laboratory ngo-1958, ngokukodwa kumazwe amahlathi ashinyeneyo asembindi nasentshona Afrika.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zentsholongwane yemonkeypox, i-West African clade kunye ne-Congo Basin (kuMbindi Afrika) clade.Ityala lokuqala lomntu losulelo lwemonkeypox lwafunyanwa eCongo (DRC) ngo-1970.
IFOTO: Umfanekiso we-2003 we-electron microscope ovela kwi-US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ibonisa intsholongwane yentsholongwane ye-monkeypox.
2. I-monkeypox yosulela njani?
I-monkeypox inokusasazekaumsebenzi wesondo, ulwelo lomzimba, ukudibana kwesikhumba, amathontsi okuphefumla, okanyeukudibana nezinto ezinentsholongwane njengempahla yokulala nempahla.
I-monkeypox inokudluliselwaukudibana nezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo ezifana neenkawu, iimpuku kunye nomatse.
3. Ziziphi iimpawu zemonkeypox?
Inkawu ivelisa irhashalala eqala njengebala elimcaba, elibomvu eliye liphakame lizaliswe bubofu.Abantu abosulelekileyo nabo baba nomkhuhlane kunye nomzimba obuhlungu.
Iimpawu zikholisa ukuvela kwiintsuku ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-13 emva kosulelo, kodwa zinokuthatha ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu.Isigulo sinokuhlala iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine, kwaye iimeko ezinzima zihlala zisenzeka ebantwaneni, ngokutsho kwe-WHO.
4. Lithini izinga lokufa kwemonkeypox?
Nangona i-pathogenicity yosulelo lomntu nge-monkeypox virus ingaphantsi kwentsholongwane yayo efanayo, i-variola virus, isenokukhokelela ekufeni,kunye nezinga lokufa kwe-1% -10%.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho nyango lusebenzayo lwesi sifo.
IFOTO: UMlawuli-Jikelele we-WHO uTedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.Ifoto yintatheli yeArhente yeNdaba yaseTshayina uPeng Dawei
5. Mangaphi amatyala akhoyo kulo nyaka?
UMlawuli-Jikelele we-WHO uTedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus uthe ngomhla we-22 ukuba i-monkeypox isasazeke kumazwe angama-15 ngaphandle kweAfrika.Zingaphezu kwama-80 iimeko eziqinisekisiweyo eYurophu, eUnited States, eCanada, eOstreliya nakwaSirayeli.
I-US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yathi ngomhla we-23 ukuba iphanda amatyala amane akrokrelwayo e-monkeypox, onke angamadoda kwaye ahlobene nokuhamba.EYurophu, i-UK Health and Safety Authority yakhupha ingxelo ngaloo mini ukuba kwakukho iimeko ze-36 ezintsha ze-monkeypox eNgilani, imeko yokuqala ye-monkeypox yafunyanwa eScotland, kwaye inani elipheleleyo leemeko kwilizwe liye landa ukuya kwi-57.
6. Ngaba kuya kubakho uqhambuko olukhulu lwemonkeypox?
I-New York Times ikholelwa ukuba, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, i-monkeypox ayikhokelela ekuqhambukeni okukhulu.Olona qhambuko lubi kakhulu e-United States lwenzeka ngo-2003, xa uninzi lwamatyala anxulunyaniswa nokuchanabeka kwizinja zamaplanga ezosulelekileyo kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya.
Uninzi lweziganeko kulo nyaka zenzeke kubafana.U-Heiman, ingcali yesifo esosulelayo se-WHO, yabonisa ukuba ubhubhani we-monkeypox wangoku kumazwe ahlukeneyo "yisiganeko esingaqhelekanga", kwaye indlela ephambili yokudluliselwa kweli xesha inokunxulumana nesondo esingakhuselekanga kumaqela amabini abanjwe eSpain naseBelgium.
7. Ingaba inkawu iyatshintsha?
IReuters icaphule uLewis, intloko ye-WHO "yoonobhala besifo esincinci" esithi ngomhla wama-23 ukubaakukho bungqina bokuba intsholongwane yemonkeypox itshintshile, kwaye yabonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane iguqulwe iphantsi.
Ugqirha wezifo zesifo se-WHO uVan Kerkhove ukwathe amatyala arhanelwa kwaye aqinisekisiweyo eYurophu naseMntla Melika awakho mandundu, kwaye imeko yangoku iyalawuleka.
IFOTO: Imifanekiso ye-Electron microscope ebonelelwe ngamaZiko oLawulo lweSifo ase-US abonisa intsholongwane ye-monkeypox ekhulile (ekhohlo) kunye ne-virion engavuthwanga (ekunene).
8. Ingaba isitofu sokugonya ingqakaqha singaluthintela usulelo lwemonkeypox?
Ngokutsho kwe-BBC, isitofu sokugonya se-smallpox siboniswe ukuba sisebenza ngama-85% ekuthinteleni inkawu kwaye sisasetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha.
U-Rena McIntyre, isazinzulu sesifo esosulelayo kwiYunivesithi yaseNew South Wales e-Ostreliya, ukwathe uphononongo lubonise ukuba ngenxa yokuba ukunqunyanyiswa okukhulu kokugonywa kwe-smallpox yiminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50, amandla okhuselo lomzimba wogonyo lwe-smallpox ehlile, enokuba ngunobangela wobhubhani wemonkeypox.unobangela wokwandiswa.Ucebise abasemagunyeni ukuba bachonge abafowunelwa abanxulunyaniswa nezigulana zemonkeypox kwaye zibagonyele ngokuchasene nemonkeypox.
9. Asabela njani amazwe amaninzi?
Igosa le-CDC uMcQueston lathi ngomhla wama-23 ukuba i-arhente ibonelela ngebhetshi yezitofu zokugonya i-smallpox, kwaye iya kubeka kuqala unxibelelwano olusondeleyo nezigulana zemonkeypox, abasebenzi bezonyango kunye namaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu anokuphuhlisa iimeko ezinzima.I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwezeMpilo yase-UK ikwacebisa isitofu sokugonya se-smallpox kumaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu.
UFreitas, umlawuli weCandelo lezeMpilo ePortugal, ucebise ukuba abantu abosulelekileyo kunye nonxibelelwano olusondeleyo kufuneka babekwe bodwa kwaye bangabelani ngempahla kunye nezinto nabanye.IBelgium igunyazise ukuvalelwa iintsuku ezingama-21 kumatyala osulelo lwemonkeypox.
I-Robert Koch Institute, i-arhente yolawulo lwezifo yaseJamani, yenza uphando malunga nezindululo zothintelo lobhubhane, kubandakanya nokuba kuyacetyiswa na ukubekelwa bucala iimeko eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nabafowunelwa abasondeleyo, kwaye ngubani ocetyiswayo ukuba agonyelwe i-smallpox.
10. Ungawathatha njani amanyathelo okhuseleko?
I-WHO icebisa ukuba naziphi na izigulo ngexesha lokuhamba ukuya okanye ekubuyeni kwiindawo ezigqugqisayo, kufuneka zixelwe kwiingcali zempilo.
I-WHO ikwagxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqaphela ucoceko lwezandla ngesepha namanzi okanye isicoci esisekwe etywaleni.
11. Indlela yokufumanisa?
Imonkeypox ibangelwa ikakhulu ngamathontsi okuphefumla kunye nokunxibelelana kwenwebu ye-mucous, ke eyona ndlela ingcono yokuyibona luvavanyo lwePCR nucleic acid efana kakhuluI-COVID 19.Sebenzisa ikiti yokubona intsholongwane yemonkeypox (i-PCR-fluorescent probe method).
Intsholongwane yemonkeypox yintsholongwane ebangela isifo se-monkeypox ebantwini nakwizilwanyana.
Intsholongwane yeMonkeypox yi-Orthopoxvirus, uhlobo losapho lwePoxviridae oluqulethe enye intsholongwane.
iintlobo ezijolise kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo.Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka ikakhulu kwimimandla yamahlathi ashinyeneyo asembindini kunye
eNtshona Afrika.Indlela ephambili yosulelo kucingelwa ukuba kukudibana nezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo okanye
ulwelo lwazo lomzimba.I-genome ayohlulwanga kwaye iqulethe imolekyuli enye yomgca
I-DNA ephindwe kabini, i-185000 nucleotides ubude.
Inyathelo lokubhaqa lendlela ye-PCR-fluorescent probe kwimarike ihlala iqala ukukhupha kunye nokucoca i-DNA yentsholongwane yemonkeypox, kwaye emva koko wenze ukuphendula kwe-PCR.Ukuba iteknoloji ye-PCR ehamba phambili ye-Foregene isetyenziswa, amanyathelo adinayo okukhupha i-monkeypox DNA inokukhutshwa, kwaye i-DNA kwintsholongwane ye-monkeypox inokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo yi-arhente yokukhululwa kwesampuli, kwaye ukusabela kwe-PCR kunokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo.Iluncedo kwaye iyakhawuleza!
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Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2022
