Ubhubhani ulitshintshile ihlabathi.Ehlabathini lonke, oorhulumente bawo onke amazwe bajongene nocelomngeni olukhulu ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni ubhubhane.Ngexesha le-COVID-19 bhubhane, i-China ikumanqanaba amane othintelo kunye nesikhokelo sokuphendula (ukuthintela, ukufumanisa, ukulawula kunye nesitshixo sempumelelo siboniswa kunyango).Kwaye ngemithombo yeendaba kunye noncedo lwezonyango ukusasaza amava eTshayina kwihlabathi liphela.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezinje ngenkolo, idemokhrasi, imikhwa yengingqi, kunye notshintsho lwentsholongwane, ubhubhane wehlabathi awulawulwanga kakuhle, kwaye inani lamatyala aqinisekisiweyo kunye nokufa liye landa kakhulu.
Emva kokungena ngoMatshi ka-2021, ubhubhani wehlabathi owathi wazinziswa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngenxa yexesha lebhombu eIndiya, waphinda waqhushumba!Ngendlela, isithsaba esitsha sehlabathi siziswe kumaza esithathu obhubhane.Ngokolwazi olukhutshwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, inani lamatyala amatsha eIndiya linyuke phantse ngokomgca, kwaye lidlule ngokusemthethweni kwi-400,000 ngexesha le-26 lendawo.Kwaye ngenani lilonke lamatyala aqinisekisiweyo e-1.838 yezigidi, yaba yindawo yesibini echaphazeleka kakhulu emhlabeni emva kwe-United States.

Kodwa oku akuzizo zonke iimeko, kuba izinga eliqinisekileyo lovavanyo nalo linyuke kakhulu, lafikelela kwi-20.3% ukusuka nge-26 ka-Epreli.Kwimeko yokuba inani labantu abavavanyiweyo alinyukanga, inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu abosulelekileyo abanalo ithuba lokufunyaniswa.Idatha eveziweyo ngoku yincam ye-iceberg kuphela.

Ubhubhani wentsholongwane yesithsaba esitsha ibisoloko ilikrele leDamocles lijinga phezu kweentloko zabantu, kwaye yintoni enokuphelisa ngokusebenzayo ubhubhane kubhaqwa.Uvavanyo olutsha lwesithsaba ekuqaleni lwalusebenzisa iqonga letekhnoloji yemolekyuli ukufumanisa i-nucleic acid yentsholongwane, kodwa ngoku iyatshintsha kancinci ukusebenzisa iqonga legolide le-colloidal ukubona iprotein ye-antigen yentsholongwane.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yimfuno yokwenyani yemarike.
Imbali yotshintsho kuvavanyo lwesithsaba esitsha sehlabathi
Ixesha lokufumanisa i-Nucleic acid
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 sele uneminyaka engaphezulu konyaka, kwaye ingxelo yophando ye-WHO yathi iya kuqhubeka nokuphazamisa iinkonzo zempilo ezisisiseko kwi-90% yamazwe.Nokuba amazwe ahambele phambili kangakanani na kwaye aphuhlileyo kangakanani na, inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo yoluntu kunye namaziko enzululwazi achwephesha akhiwe ngaphambili abe negalelo kwimpumelelo yokuqala.Amazwe afanelekileyo anje nge-United States, iJamani, kunye ne-Italiyane atyale inkcitho enkulu yezemali kwizibhedlele ze-square cabin, Ilebhu ye-molekyuli yakhiwe ukuphucula ukukwazi ukubona, yamkele izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuqulatha phakathi kwabantu abadala, kwaye yasebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izakhono zasesibhedlele.Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kwenani lezigulana kunye nokusasazeka ngokupheleleyo kwe-coronavirus entsha, umthamo wesibhedlele ugcwele kakhulu.
Amazwe aphuhlileyo axakeke kakhulu ukuba angazihoya, ngelixa amazwe asakhasayo ecinezeleke ngakumbi ngenxa yezizathu zezimali zelizwe kwaye akakwazi ukwenza uvavanyo lwelizwe lonke ngexesha.I-WHO ibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa, uqeqesho lwenyani, izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zokuphucula amandla okuvavanya kwihlabathi jikelele.Umzekelo, xa i-COVID-19 iqala ukubonakala, iSomalia yayingenawo amandla okuvavanya iimolekyuli, kodwa ekupheleni kuka-2020, iSomalia ineelabhoratri ezi-6 ezinokwenza uvavanyo olunjalo.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akunako ukufikelela kwiinjongo zovavanyo olucokisekileyo lomntu wonke.Ngeli xesha, izinto ezingalunganga zokufumanisa i-nucleic acid zivela:

*Iindleko zikhulu-ixabiso eliphezulu lolwakhiwo lwelabhoratri, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, izixhobo zelabhoratri, izixhobo zokuvavanya nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.Ezi ndleko sele zinwenwele kwiinkqubo zonyango zamazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo, kwaye amazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi akanakuzifikelela.

*Utyando lunzima kwaye luthatha ixesha elide.Nangona ilebhu yemolekyuli ye-POCT sele ibonakala, ixesha eliphakathi lelebhu eqhelekileyo ye-RT-pcr yemolekyuli yokuvelisa iziphumo malunga neeyure ezi-2.5, kwaye ingxelo kufuneka ifunyenwe ngosuku olulandelayo.

*Ilabhoratri'indawo yejografi ithintelwe kwaye ayinakugubungela zonke iindawo.
*Ukonyusa umngcipheko wosulelo-kwelinye icala, abasebenzi bezonyango abenza uvavanyo baya kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo, kwaye ungcoliseko lwaselabhoratri luya kuguqula ezinye iisampuli zibe ziimpawu zobuxoki kwaye zibangele uloyiko;kwelinye icala, abantu kufuneka baye esibhedlele ukuze benze iimvavanyo zokubala.Uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo kunye nezigulane ezinexesha elihle okanye lokufukamela, kunye nomngcipheko wokosuleleka kubantu abaphilileyo nawo uyanda.

Ixesha elifutshane lovavanyo lwe-antibody
Ngapha koko, kumanqanaba okuqala obhubhane, wonke umntu wayezama ukunciphisa iindleko zovavanyo lwe-COVID-19, kunye nokwenza lula iindlela zovavanyo kangangoko ukunciphisa umsebenzi wabasebenzi bezonyango.Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwe-antibody yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokufumanisa enokuphunyezwa kwiqonga legolide le-colloidal.ukukhulelwa.Kodwa ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo lwe-antibody luyimpendulo yokuzikhusela kwi-serological emva kokuba umzimba womntu wosulelwe yi-coronavirus entsha, i-immunoglobulin IgM antibody ibonakala kuqala, eveliswa malunga neentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7;emva koko, i-antibody ye-IgG ibonakala, eveliswa malunga ne-10 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-15.Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ii-antibodies ze-IgM ziveliswa kwangoko.Zakuba zisulelekile, ziveliswa ngokukhawuleza, zigcinwe ixesha elifutshane, kwaye zinyamalale ngokukhawuleza.Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqinisekileyo lunokusetyenziswa njengesalathisi sokusuleleka kwangoko.Ii-antibodies ze-IgG ziveliswa emva kwexesha, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye zinyamalale kancinci.Uvavanyo oluhle egazini lunokusetyenziswa njengesalathisi sokusuleleka kunye nokusuleleka kwangaphambili.

Nangona ukufunyanwa kwe-antibody kusombulula ezinye zezinto ezingeloncedo ekubhaqweni kwe-nucleic acid, kuthatha ixesha elithile lokufukamela ukuba i-antigen ingene emzimbeni phambi kokuba kuveliswe i-IgM kunye ne-IgG.Ngeli xesha, i-IgM kunye ne-IgG ayinakufunyanwa kwi-serum, kwaye kukho ixesha lefestile.Ukufunyanwa kwe-antibody kufuneka kusetyenziselwe uvavanyo olongezelelweyo okanye uvavanyo oludityanisiweyo lwe-nucleic acid kwizigulana ezikrokrelekayo ezineziphumo zovavanyo lwe-nucleic acid engalunganga.

Njengoko ubunyulu bezinto eziluhlaza ze-antigen zifikelela kumgangatho kunye nomthamo wemveliso usendaweni, ukufunyanwa kwe-antigen sele kuqalisile ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuba kuyafana nokubhaqwa kwe-nucleic acid yokufumanisa iintsholongwane ze-coronavirus entsha kwaye akukho xesha lefestile.

Ukufunyanwa kwe-Antigen (Ukusetyenziswa kobuNgcali) ixesha

Emva kokuqhambuka okuninzi kunye notshintsho lwe-coronavirus entsha, inokuba yintsholongwane ehlala nabantu ixesha elide njengomkhuhlane.Ke ngoko, iimveliso ezitsha zovavanyo lwe-antigen ziye zaba "yintandokazi entsha" yentengiso ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo lula, iziphumo ezikhawulezayo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Kuvavanyo lwentsebenzo yemveliso, kufuneka isatifikethi se-CE kuphela ekuqaleni.Kamva, amazwe aseYurophu aye amkela ngokuthe ngcembe uvavanyo olutsha lwe-antigen njengendlela yokuqala yokuhlola, kwaye ukusebenza kwemveliso kuye kwaqiniswa.Amasebe ezonyango kunye nezempilo eJamani, eUnited Kingdom, eBelgium, eSwitzerland nakwamanye amazwe azise iilebhu zokuqala zeZithathu ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemveliso yabavelisi abahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye banike imvume ekhethekileyo.

▼ICandelo laseJamani leBfarm leMvume eYodwa yeSkrini
▼I-PEI yaseJamani
▼Uvavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo lwaseBelgium (ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha) izikrini zecandelo lemvume ekhethekileyo
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukufunyanwa kwe-antigens yesithsaba esitsha kunokuphunyezwa ngokwenene kumaqonga amabini, enye i-immunochromatography, into esiyibiza ngokuba yigolide ye-colloidal, esebenzisa amasuntswana egolide ukusonga i-antigen antibody;enye yi-immunofluorescence, esebenzisa i-latex.I-Microspheres ifaka i-antigen kunye ne-antibody.Xa kuthelekiswa neteknoloji ye-immunochromatography, iindleko zeemveliso ze-immunofluorescence ziphezulu.

1. Umfundi owongezelelweyo wefluorescent uyafuneka ukuze atolikwe.

2. Ngexesha elifanayo, ixabiso le-latex particles libiza kakhulu kuneengqungquthela zegolide

Ukudityaniswa kwe-Reader kwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza kunye nezinga lokungasebenzi kakuhle, elingenabubele kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo.

Ukufunyaniswa kwe-antigen yegolide yeColloidal entsha ekugqibeleni kuya kuba lolona khetho lunoqoqosho kwimarike!
Umbhali: Do Laimeng K